20th Century Modern Dance History
Research Steps
- Get a topic, either assigned from your professor or of your own choosing. Eventually this should take the form of a research question, ie, "What is the impact of...," "How did...change..."
- Look in general reference resources, such as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, to get background information. Dates, keywords, important people or ideas will be important as you start to use more subject specific sources and databases.
- Look at subject specific reference resources. These will cover your subject in more detail and depth and will include useful bibliographies. For Dance, this will include resources such as International Dictionary of Modern Dance and Fifty Contemporary Choreographers.
- Search the library catalog using keywords and terms learned from the reference resources. Look for call number areas and subject headings that cover your topic.
- Search in general and subject specific databases for journal articles and book chapters. IIPA and JSTOR are two important databases.
- After you have a good background on your topic, use scholarly websites such as Voice of the Shuttle to search for appropriate web resources.
Notes on the Research Process
Remember to write down bibliographic information as you go so that you don't have to go back to find it when you are writing your paper.
You may need to look outside the Dance subject area to find sources. Anthropology, history, religion, art, exercise science and psychology may all be useful areas for research.
Check the bibliographies in all your sources for additional resources.
You may need to broaden or narrow your topic depending on how much and what type of information you find as you research.
Back to topOnline Catalog
Use the Online Catalog to locate books, microforms, films, and other materials in the Reynolds Library. Search by Author or Title in the Basic search or by keywords or phrases in the Guided Keyword search.
Dance materials are concentrated on Reynolds 7, at GV1580-1799.4. This section is divided by historical period, by type of dance, and by topic:
- GV1621-1641 - Dancing-History-Americas
- GV1587 - Dance Notation
- GV1781-1790 - Theatrical Dancing, Ballet
- GV1785 G7 - Graham, Martha
Other subject areas to consider are:
- ML3400+ - Music and Dance
- RC489 D3 - Dance Therapy
- TR817.5+ - Dance Photography
Each book record in the online catalog also contains Library of Congress Subject Headings, which can help you locate books on a similar topic. Click on the subject heading in the online catalog to go to a list of books that share that subject heading. Some examples of subject headings include:
- Dance History
- Dance United States History
- Dance-Philosophy
- Ballet dancing
- Ballet United States
- Choreographers United States Biography
- Jazz dance
- Afro Americans Dancing History
- Afro-American dance
- Labanotation
- Modern dance
- Modern dance history
- Ballets--Scores
The names of individual dances, dancers, choreographers or companies are also included as subject headings:
- American Ballet Theatre
- Flamenco
- Cunningham, Merce
- Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
- Tango (Dance)
- Duncan, Isadora, 1877-1927
You can also use the online catalog to locate dance recordings, either in VHS or DVD format. From the Guided Keyword tab, click on the "more limits" link in the bottom right corner. There are two ways to limit your search from this screen: Location=Media Collection or Medium=Videorecording. Select either option and hit "set limits." This will limit your results to items that are in VHS or DVD format. Once back on the Guided Keyword screen, you can search using any keywords, i.e., "martha graham" or "modern choreograph?" The Media Collection is located behind the Circulation Desk on Reynolds 2. Please give them the call number of the item you want (VHS 1745 or DVD 1944) and they will get it for you. A patron can have a limit of 5 media items at one time, and can have them for three days.
Reference Resources
Use Reference Resources to get background information on a dancer, piece of choreography or terminology. Many of these sources include bibliographies which list additional books and journal articles that would be useful for further research on the topic. All Reference materials are shelved on Wilson 4. These are selections from the available resources:
- Appreciating Dance Ref GV1601 L54 2002
- Biographical Dictionary of Dance Ref GV1785 A1 C58 1982
- Chronology of American Musical Theater (3 vols.) Ref ML1711.8 N3 N67 2002
- Dance Words Ref GV1585 P74 1995
- Fifty Contemporary Choreographers Ref GV1785.A1 B74 1999
- Film Choreographers and Dance Directors Ref GV1779 B55 1997 (1893-1995)
- International Dictionary of Ballet (2 vols.) Ref GV1585 I57 1993
- International Dictionary of Modern Dance Ref GV1585 B46 1998
-
International Encyclopedia of Dance (6 vols.)
Ref GV1585 I586 1998
(good overview articles)
- New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians Ref ML100.N48 2000 and online
- Oxford Dictionary of Dance Ref GV1585 C73 2000 and online
Online Databases
Use electronic databases to find journal articles, book chapters and reviews. The library has over 200 databases for finding journal articles. In the left sidebar, expand the Subject List under Arts and Humanities and go to Performing Arts to find databases relevent to Dance.
Remember, these databases include articles from scholarly journals, magazines and newspapers. If your professor requires that you use scholarly journal articles for your project, take a look at this checklist to see if your articles are appropriate! When in doubt, ASK your professor or a librarian!
Arts Databases
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Art Index (for dance costume, dance in relation to art and vice versa, exhibitions involving dance)
"Provides citations from over 250 publications such as periodicals, yearbooks, museum bulletins, exhibition listings, interviews, and film reviews. Also indexes reproductions of works of art that appear in indexed periodicals. Subjects covered include: advertising art, antiques, archaeology, architecture and architectural history, art history, crafts, decorative arts, folk art, graphic arts, industrial design, interior design, landscape architecture, motion pictures and film, museology, non-western art, painting, photography, pottery, sculpture, television, and textiles."
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Communication and Mass Media Complete (full-text)
"Covers communication and mass media. CMMC incorporates CommSearch and Mass Media Articles Index."
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Oxford Art Online
"Covers art and culture from prehistory to the 1990s. Its multicultural approach offers detailed analyses of civilizations from Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, and the Pacific. Provides a guide to the visual arts: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, drawing, and printmaking, as well as the decorative arts."
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Oxford Music Online
"Covers all aspects of music worldwide, including composers, performers, other persons involved with music, terminology, musical genres and forms, orchestras, institutions, and cities and towns with significant musical traditions."
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International Index of the Performing Arts-IIPA (with abstracts)
"Indexes and abstracts over 130 international performing arts periodicals from 9 countries, as well as performing arts articles and obituaries appearing in The New York Times and The Washington Post. Covers nearly all aspects of the world of the performing arts, from the most scholarly studies to the latest crazes."
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RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
"An international listing of scholarly writings, with summaries, on music and related disciplines. Includes citations to journal articles, books, dissertations, films, videos, conference proceedings, etc."
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Web of Science (Arts and Humanities Citation Index)
"Contains three ISI Citation Databases (Sciences, Arts & Humanities, Social Sciences), which together index over 8,000 peer-reviewed journals. It provides bibliographic data, author abstracts, and cited references. Useful for searching databases for articles that cite a known author or work. Citation searching also allows a researcher to use a given work as a subject term in order to identify more recent articles about the same topic."
Full-text, Multi-subject Databases
(index journal, magazine, and newspaper articles)
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Academic Search Premier
"Provides abstracts, indexing, and full-text for journals covering the social sciences, humanities, education, and more."
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JSTOR
"A full-text database of archived issues of academic journals. Since JSTOR is a backfiles project, a typical coverage range is the beginning of a journal until three or five years ago."
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Project MUSE
"Provides access to the full text of over 100 scholarly journals in the arts and humanities and social sciences."
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ProQuest
"Contains articles covering the humanities, social sciences, sciences, and business. Databases include Research Library, Ethnic NewsWatch, and ProQuest Religion."
- ProQuest Historical Newspapers
"Contains three newspapers back to their first issues: New York Times (1851-three years ago), Chicago Tribune (1849-1985), and Wall Street Journal (1889-1989). More recent issues are available through other databases, such as ProQuest. Includes advertisements, illustrations, etc. as they were laid out on the original page."
Historical Databases
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America: History and Life
"America: History and Life provides abstracts and citations from reviews and dissertations about the history and culture of the United States and Canada from the earliest recorded times to the present. See Historical Abstracts for world history."
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Historical Abstracts (history other than the U.S. and Canada)
"Historical Abstracts provides indexing and abstracts for journal articles, books, and dissertations covering the history of the world from 1450 -- except the U.S. and Canada. For similar coverage of the U.S. and Canada, use America History and Life."
Sport
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Physical Education Index
"Topics include physical education curricula, sports medicine, dance, sport law, kinesiology, motor learning, recreation, standardized fitness tests, sports equipment, business and marketing, coaching and training, sport sociology/psychology, health education and physical therapy."
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SPORT Discus (covers sport, fitness and dance)
"Citations and some abstracts from periodicals, books, conference proceedings, dissertations and theses, research papers, etc. SPORTDiscus covers the areas of: sport, physical fitness, sport science and recreation."
Locating a Journal
Find out if the Library subscribes to the journal you need through the Journals page. If we subscribe to the journal, the catalog will display information regarding print and/or electronic versions of the journal. You can also use the "subject browse" feature to view journals by subject are (selected journals only).
Remember, if Reynolds Library does not have the journal (or book) that you need, request it via Interlibrary Loan. Current dance periodicals are located in the Periodicals Room, Section K, alphabetical by title.
One title that will be particularly useful for locating performace reviews is the New York Times. Select the ProQuest Historical Newspapers option, and you will be able to search the full text of the New York Times from 1857 to 2004. You will also be able to view a pdf of the article, as well as the entire page on which it originally appeared.
Some other scholarly dance journals are:
- American Journal of Dance Therapy
- Choreography and Dance
- Dance Chronicle
- Dance Research
- Dance Research Journal
- Performance Research
- Women & Performance
Citing Your Sources
The latest editions of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers and A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian) are available in exchange for an ID at the Reference Desk in the Library.
Back to topWebsites
After you have consulted books and journal articles, you may also want to use web resources. Take a look at our evaluating websites page as you assess the sites you find. These sites contain reliable information:
- American Ballet Theatre Library
- Cyberdance! (ballet)
- Dance Notation Bureau (Labanotation)
- Digital Performance Archive
- Free to Dance (African-American dancers and choreographers)
- Great Performances-Dance (PBS Documentary programs)
- Infomine (Search within Visual & Performing Arts)
- Internet Broadway Database (IBDB)
- Internet Movie Database (IMDB)
- Isadora Duncan Dance Foundation
- Mark Morris Dance Group
- Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance
- New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- Society of Dance History Scholars
- Twyla Tharp
- Voice of the Shuttle
For locating dance videos and footage, YouTube can be a great resource. Searching for "martha graham" brings back 43 results, including archival footage of Graham and recent rehearsal tapes of the Martha Graham Dance Company.
Need Help?
Good luck in your search! If you are not finding enough information, ask:
- Kaeley McMahan, Reference, 758-4661, AIM:kaeleymc
- Request a Personal Research Session
- call the Reference Desk for help at ext. 5475