Gertrude and Max Hoffmann Papers

MS608

Music manuscripts and theatrical memorabilia of Gertrude and Max Hoffmann, famous vaudevillian and performing arts figures. Gertrude Hoffmann was known as a vaudevillian, mimic, dancer, and the director of The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls. Max, one of the first arrangers to use ragtime rhythm, was a composer and musical director. The collection (1900-1956) includes music manuscripts, programs, photographs, playbills, notebooks, newspaper clippings, and scrapbooks.

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Summary Information

Repository
Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives
Title
Gertrude and Max Hoffmann Papers
Date
1900-1956 (inclusive)
Extent
22.7 Linear Feet / 2 document boxes, 8 oversized document boxes, 2 flat boxes, 1 flat document box, 1 trunk, 4 oversize items
ID
MS608

Biographical and Historical Note

Max Hoffmann was born in Gnesen, Poland on December 8, 1873 and died in Hollywood, California on May 21, 1963. He was a composer, conductor and arranger of American music. Originally a ragtime arranger, he is described as being "the first white man to make successfully the first rag arrangements" (Berlin 65). Oxford Music Online describes Hoffmann and his work as "a model of scoring for the nascent piano ragtime industry…[which] helped popularize the work of …ragtime pioneers." Hoffmann also worked as an arranger and conductor for vaudeville acts and as a Broadway composer. He wrote for acts such as the Rogers Brothers and the theatrical producers Klaw and Erlanger. One of his best known Broadway scores is The Parisian Model, which was produced by Oscar Hammerstein. He was also famous for his song The Hoffmann Glide. Hoffmann served as the composer and musical director for his wife, Gertrude Hoffmann and her dancing troupes known as The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls.

Catherine Gertrude Hayes Hoffmann was born in San Francisco on May 7, 1885, the daughter of John and Catherine (née Brogan) Hayes and died October 21, 1966 in Los Angeles, California. Gertrude Hoffmann was a legendary vaudevillian dancer, mimic, and choreographer who, early in her career, worked with such stage greats as Anna Held and Flo Ziegfield. Known for her Salome dance, Gertrude Hoffmann went on to become a celebrated imitation artist and one of the first female dance directors and choreographers in vaudeville and Broadway (Cohen-Stratyner 430). Gertrude Hoffmann was well-known for introducing the United States to the  Ballet Russes in 1910, when she brought her version of the ballet to America. She also worked extensively with Oscar and William Hammerstein, and founded the dance group The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls. The Hoffmann Girls regularly toured in Europe and the United States including appearances at the Moulin-Rouge in 1924-1925, engagements in Paris and London in 1934-35, and at least one appearance in Hollywood. Gertrude Hoffmann was also a co-director of a dance studio and is credited with various musical compositions.

The couple's later years are less well-known. A few biographers attribute a position as a studio arranger in Hollywood to Max and extras parts in films to Gertrude. Evidence, however, of another actress with the same name (Gertrude W. Hoffman) complicate the record. The couple had one son, Max Hoffmann, Jr. He was born in 1902, married Norma Allison, and predeceased both his parents in 1945. Their daughter-in-law, Norma Allison (later Norma Terris), was an actress best known for her role as Magnolia in the musical Show Boat.

Collection Overview

This collection provides a look into the professional lives life of two influential artists in the first half of the twentieth century. As one of the first female dance directors in vaudeville and Broadway, Gertrude Hoffmann's collection of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, music, notes, and correspondence supports research into the day-to-day details of performing and directing dance and theatre productions. Max Hoffmann's music manuscripts and personal music library provide a resource for both the type of original music that was being written at that time and how it related to and incorporated more traditional, classical music. Personal notebooks and family photographs also provide a more intimate glimpse into the life of the couple. Other material types include newspaper clippings, photographs, music manuscripts, personal correspondence, performance notes, programs, publications, and performance posters. The majority of the collection centers around publicity, music, and notes from The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls, with a smaller but substantial amount of material from Gertrude Hoffmann's own performances as well as personal family records.

Collection Arrangement

The collection is organized into eleven series: Series 1. Clippings; Series 2. Correspondence; Series 3. Notebooks, Journals, and Notes; Series 4. Scrapbooks; Series 5. Scripts; Series 6. Photographs; Series 7. Posters; Series 8. Music Manuscripts; Series 9. Ephemera and Oversized; Series 10. Oversized Photographs; Series 11. Programs and Publications.

Controlled Access Headings

Corporate Names

Personal Names

Subjects

Administrative Information

Publication Information
Processed by Rachel A. Ernst with assistance from Megan Mulder and Audra Eagle Yun
Revision Description
Revised by Stephanie Bennett, 2017, 2021
Conditions Governing Access Note
This collection is open for research; some oversize items are restricted due to fragility. Contact Special Collections and Archives for more information. 
Existence and Location of Copies Note
Music manuscripts are available as a digital collection. Photographs are available as a digital collection. 
Preferred Citation
Gertrude and Max Hoffmann Papers (MS608), Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 

Collection Inventory

  • Clippings
  • Correspondence (1900-1956)
  • Notebooks, Journals, and Notes
    • Gertrude Hoffmann
    • Max Hoffmann
  • Scrapbooks
  • Scripts
  • Photographs
    • Gertrude Hoffmann: Performance
    • The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls
    • Max and Gertrude Hoffmann: Family
    • Miscellaneous
  • Posters
  • Music Manuscripts
    • Parts I
    • Parts II
    • Single Parts
    • Full Scores
    • Scores and Parts
    • Piano and Vocal Scores
    • Piano Scores
    • Piano Scores II
    • Printed Music/Personal Music Library
      • Albeniz, I.
      • Chopin, F.
      • Falla, Manuel D.
    • Notes, Scripts, and Misc./Fragments
  • Ephemera and Oversized
  • Oversized Photographs
  • Programs and Publications
    • Various Programs
    • Music
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